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Agreements (February 11, 1945) |
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Agreements February,
1945 Washington, March 24 -
The text of the agreements reached at the
Crimea (Yalta) Conference between
President Roosevelt, Prime Minister
Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin, as
released by the State Department today,
follows: PROTOCOL OF PROCEEDINGS
OF CRIMEA CONFERENCE The Crimea Conference
of the heads of the Governments of the
United States of America, the United
Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, which took place from Feb. 4 to
11, came to the following
conclusions: I. WORLD
ORGANIZATION It was
decided: 1. That a United
Nations conference on the proposed world
organization should be summoned for
Wednesday, 25 April, 1945, and should be
held in the United States of
America. 2. The nations to be
invited to this conference should
be: (a) the United Nations
as they existed on 8 Feb., 1945;
and (b) Such of the
Associated Nations as have declared war on
the common enemy by 1 March, 1945. (For
this purpose, by the term "Associated
Nations" was meant the eight Associated
Nations and Turkey.) When the conference
on world organization is held, the
delegates of the United Kingdom and United
State of America will support a proposal
to admit to original membership two Soviet
Socialist Republics, i.e., the Ukraine and
White Russia. 3. That the United
States Government, on behalf of the three
powers, should consult the Government of
China and the French Provisional
Government in regard to decisions taken at
the present conference concerning the
proposed world organization. 4. That the text of the
invitation to be issued to all the nations
which would take part in the United
Nations conference should be as
follows: "The Government of the
United States of America, on behalf of
itself and of the Governments of the
United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet
Socialistic Republics and the Republic of
China and of the Provisional Government of
the French Republic invite the Government
of -------- to send representatives to a
conference to be held on 25 April, 1945,
or soon thereafter , at San Francisco, in
the United States of America, to prepare a
charter for a general international
organization for the maintenance of
international peace and
security. "The above-named
Governments suggest that the conference
consider as affording a basis for such a
Charter the proposals for the
establishment of a general international
organization which were made public last
October as a result of the Dumbarton Oaks
conference and which have now been
supplemented by the following provisions
for Section C of Chapter VI: C. Voting "1. Each member of the
Security Council should have one
vote. "2. Decisions of the
Security Council on procedural matters
should be made by an affirmative vote of
seven members. "3. Decisions of the
Security Council on all matters should be
made by an affirmative vote of seven
members, including the concurring votes of
the permanent members; provided that, in
decisions under Chapter VIII, Section A
and under the second sentence of Paragraph
1 of Chapter VIII, Section C, a party to a
dispute should abstain from
voting.' "Further information as
to arrangements will be transmitted
subsequently. "In the event that the
Government of -------- desires in advance
of the conference to present views or
comments concerning the proposals, the
Government of the United States of America
will be pleased to transmit such views and
comments to the other participating
Governments." Territorial
trusteeship: It was agreed that the
five nations which will have permanent
seats on the Security Council should
consult each other prior to the United
Nations conference on the question of
territorial trusteeship. The acceptance of this
recommendation is subject to its being
made clear that territorial trusteeship
will only apply to (a) existing mandates
of the League of Nations; (b) territories
detached from the enemy as a result of the
present war; (c) any other territory
which might voluntarily be placed under
trusteeship; and (d) no discussion of
actual territories is contemplated at the
forthcoming United Nations conference or
in the preliminary consultations, and it
will be a matter for subsequent agreement
which territories within the above
categories will be place under
trusteeship. [Begin first
section published Feb., 13,
1945.] II. DECLARATION OF
LIBERATED EUROPE The following
declaration has been approved: The Premier of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and
the President of the United States of
America have consulted with each other in
the common interests of the people of
their countries and those of liberated
Europe. They jointly declare their mutual
agreement to concert during the temporary
period of instability in liberated Europe
the policies of their three Governments in
assisting the peoples liberated from the
domination of Nazi Germany and the peoples
of the former Axis satellite states of
Europe to solve by democratic means their
pressing political and economic
problems. The establishment of
order in Europe and the rebuilding of
national economic life must be achieved by
processes which will enable the liberated
peoples to destroy the last vestiges of
nazism and fascism and to create
democratic institutions of their own
choice. This is a principle of the
Atlantic Charter - the right of all people
to choose the form of government under
which they will live - the restoration of
sovereign rights and self-government to
those peoples who have been forcibly
deprived to them by the aggressor
nations. To foster the
conditions in which the liberated people
may exercise these rights, the three
governments will jointly assist the people
in any European liberated state or former
Axis state in Europe where, in their
judgment conditions require, (a) to establish
conditions of internal peace; (b) to carry out
emergency relief measures for the relief
of distressed peoples; (c) to form interim
governmental authorities broadly
representative of all democratic elements
in the population and pledged to the
earliest possible establishment through
free elections of Governments responsive
to the will of the people; and (d) to facilitate where
necessary the holding of such
elections. The three Governments
will consult the other United Nations and
provisional authorities or other
Governments in Europe when matters of
direct interest to them are under
consideration. When, in the opinion of
the three Governments, conditions in any
European liberated state or former Axis
satellite in Europe make such action
necessary, they will immediately consult
together on the measure necessary to
discharge the joint responsibilities set
forth in this declaration. By this declaration we
reaffirm our faith in the principles of
the Atlantic Charter, our pledge in the
Declaration by the United Nations and our
determination to build in cooperation with
other peace-loving nations world order,
under law, dedicated to peace, security,
freedom and general well-being of all
mankind. In issuing this
declaration, the three powers express the
hope that the Provisional Government of
the French Republic may be associated with
them in the procedure
suggested. [End first section
published Feb., 13, 1945.] III. DISMEMBERMENT OF
GERMANY It was agreed that
Article 12 (a) of the Surrender terms for
Germany should be amended to read as
follows: "The United Kingdom,
the United States of America and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics shall
possess supreme authority with respect to
Germany. In the exercise of such authority
they will take such steps, including the
complete dismemberment of Germany as they
deem requisite for future peace and
security." The study of the
procedure of the dismemberment of Germany
was referred to a committee consisting of
Mr. Anthony Eden, Mr. John Winant, and Mr.
Fedor T. Gusev. This body would consider
the desirability of associating with it a
French representative. IV. ZONE OF OCCUPATION
FOR THE FRENCH AND CONTROL COUNCIL FOR
GERMANY. It was agreed that a
zone in Germany, to be occupied by the
French forces, should be allocated France.
This zone would be formed out of the
British and American zones and its extent
would be settled by the British and
Americans in consultation with the French
Provisional Government. It was also agreed that
the French Provisional Government should
be invited to become a member of the
Allied Control Council for
Germany. V.
REPARATION The following protocol
has been approved: Protocol On the Talks Between
the Heads of Three Governments at the
Crimean Conference on the Question of the
German Reparations in Kind 1. Germany must pay in
kind for the losses caused by her to the
Allied nations in the course of the war.
Reparations are to be received in the
first instance by those countries which
have borne the main burden of the war,
have suffered the heaviest losses and have
organized victory over the
enemy. 2. Reparation in kind
is to be exacted from Germany in three
following forms: (a) Removals within two
years from the surrender of Germany or the
cessation of organized resistance from the
national wealth of Germany located on the
territory of Germany herself as well as
outside her territory (equipment, machine
tools, ships, rolling stock, German
investments abroad, shares of industrial,
transport and other enterprises in
Germany, etc.), these removals to be
carried out chiefly for the purpose of
destroying the war potential of
Germany. (b) Annual deliveries
of goods from current production for a
period to be fixed. (c) Use of German
labor. 3. For the working out
on the above principles of a detailed plan
for exaction of reparation from Germany an
Allied reparation commission will be set
up in Moscow. It will consist of three
representatives - one from the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics, one from the
United Kingdom and one from the United
States of America. 4. With regard to the
fixing of the total sum of the reparation
as well as the distribution of it among
the countries which suffered from the
German aggression, the Soviet and American
delegations agreed as follows: "The Moscow reparation
commission should take in its initial
studies as a basis for discussion the
suggestion of the Soviet Government that
the total sum of the reparation in
accordance with the points (a) and (b) of
the Paragraph 2 should be 22 billion
dollars and that 50 per cent should go to
the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics." The British delegation
was of the opinion that, pending
consideration of the reparation question
by the Moscow reparation commission, no
figures of reparation should be
mentioned. The above
Soviet-American proposal has been passed
to the Moscow reparation commission as one
of the proposals to be considered by the
commission. VI. MAJOR WAR
CRIMINALS The conference agreed
that the question of the major war
criminals should be the subject of inquiry
by the three Foreign Secretaries for
report in due course after the close of
the conference. [Begin second
section published Feb. 13,
1945.] VII. POLAND The following
declaration on Poland was agreed by the
conference: "A new situation has
been created in Poland as a result of her
complete liberation by the Red Army. This
calls for the establishment of a Polish
Provisional Government which can be more
broadly based than was possible before the
recent liberation of the western part of
Poland. The Provisional Government which
is now functioning in Poland should
therefore be reorganized on a broader
democratic basis with the inclusion of
democratic leaders from Poland itself and
from Poles abroad. This new Government
should then be called the Polish
Provisional Government of National
Unity. "M. Molotov, Mr.
Harriman and Sir A. Clark Kerr are
authorized as a commission to consult in
the first instance in Moscow with members
of the present Provisional Government and
with other Polish democratic leaders from
within Poland and from abroad, with a view
to the reorganization of the present
Government along the above lines. This
Polish Provisional Government of National
Unity shall be pledged to the holding of
free and unfettered elections as soon as
possible on the basis of universal
suffrage and secret ballot. In these
elections all democratic and anti-Nazi
parties shall have the right to take part
and to put forward candidates. "When a Polish
Provisional of Government National Unity
has been properly formed in conformity
with the above, the Government of the
U.S.S.R., which now maintains diplomatic
relations with the present Provisional
Government of Poland, and the Government
of the United Kingdom and the Government
of the United States of America will
establish diplomatic relations with the
new Polish Provisional Government National
Unity, and will exchange Ambassadors by
whose reports the respective Governments
will be kept informed about the situation
in Poland. "The three heads of
Government consider that the eastern
frontier of Poland should follow the
Curzon Line with digressions from it in
some regions of five to eight kilometers
in favor of Poland. They recognize that
Poland must receive substantial accessions
in territory in the north and west. They
feel that the opinion of the new Polish
Provisional Government of National Unity
should be sought in due course of the
extent of these accessions and that the
final delimitation of the western frontier
of Poland should thereafter await the
peace conference." VIII.
YUGOSLAVIA It was agreed to
recommend to Marshal Tito and to Dr. Ivan
Subasitch: (a) That the
Tito-Subasitch agreement should
immediately be put into effect and a new
government formed on the basis of the
agreement. (b) That as soon as the
new Government has been formed it should
declare: (I) That the
Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National
Liberation (AVNOJ) will be extended to
include members of the last Yugoslav
Skupstina who have not compromised
themselves by collaboration with the
enemy, thus forming a body to be known as
a temporary Parliament and (II) That legislative
acts passed by the Anti-Fascist Assembly
of the National Liberation (AVNOJ) will be
subject to subsequent ratification by a
Constituent Assembly; and that this
statement should be published in the
communiqué of the
conference. IX. ITALO-YOGOSLAV
FRONTIER - ITALO-AUSTRIAN
FRONTIER Notes on these subjects
were put in by the British delegation and
the American and Soviet delegations agreed
to consider them and give their views
later. X. YUGOSLAV-BULGARIAN
RELATIONS There was an exchange
of views between the Foreign Secretaries
on the question of the desirability of a
Yugoslav-Bulgarian pact of alliance. The
question at issue was whether a state
still under an armistice regime could be
allowed to enter into a treaty with
another state. Mr. Eden suggested that the
Bulgarian and Yugoslav Governments should
be informed that this could not be
approved. Mr. Stettinius suggested that
the British and American Ambassadors
should discuss the matter further with Mr.
Molotov in Moscow. Mr. Molotov agreed with
the proposal of Mr. Stettinius. XI. SOUTHEASTERN
EUROPE The British delegation
put in notes for the consideration of
their colleagues on the following
subjects: (a) The Control
Commission in Bulgaria. (b) Greek claims upon
Bulgaria, more particularly with reference
to reparations. (c) Oil equipment in
Rumania. XII. IRAN Mr. Eden, Mr.
Stettinius and Mr. Molotov exchanged views
on the situation in Iran. It was agreed
that this matter should be pursued through
the diplomatic channel. [Begin third
section published Feb. 13,
1945.] XIII. MEETINGS OF THE
THREE FOREIGN SECRETARIES The conference agreed
that permanent machinery should be set up
for consultation between the three Foreign
Secretaries; they should meet as often as
necessary, probably about every three or
four months. These meetings will be
held in rotation in the three capitals,
the first meeting being held in
London. [End third section
published Feb. 13, 1945.] XIV. THE MONTREAUX
CONVENTION AND THE STRAITS It was agreed that at
the next meeting of the three Foreign
Secretaries to be held in London, they
should consider proposals which it was
understood the Soviet Government would put
forward in relation to the Montreaux
Convention, and report to their
Governments. The Turkish Government should
be informed at the appropriate
moment. The forgoing protocol
was approved and signed by the three
Foreign Secretaries at the Crimean
Conference Feb. 11, 1945. E. R. Stettinius
Jr. M. Molotov Anthony Eden AGREEMENT REGARDING
JAPAN The leaders of the
three great powers - the Soviet Union, the
United States of America and Great Britain
- have agreed that in two or three months
after Germany has surrendered and the war
in Europe is terminated, the Soviet Union
shall enter into war against Japan on the
side of the Allies on condition
that: 1. The status quo in
Outer Mongolia (the Mongolian People's
Republic) shall be preserved. 2. The former rights of
Russia violated by the treacherous attack
of Japan in 1904 shall be restored,
viz.: (a) The southern part
of Sakhalin as well as the islands
adjacent to it shall be returned to the
Soviet Union; (b) The commercial port
of Dairen shall be internationalized, the
pre-eminent interests of the Soviet Union
in this port being safeguarded, and the
lease of Port Arthur as a naval base of
the U.S.S.R. restored; (c) The Chinese-Eastern
Railroad and the South Manchurian
Railroad, which provide an outlet to
Dairen, shall be jointly operated by the
establishment of a joint Soviet-Chinese
company, it being understood that the
pre-eminent interests of the Soviet Union
shall be safeguarded and that China shall
retain sovereignty in
Manchuria; 3. The Kurile Islands
shall be handed over to the Soviet
Union. It is understood that
the agreement concerning Outer Mongolia
and the ports and railroads referred to
above will require concurrence of
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The
President will take measures in order to
maintain this concurrence on advice from
Marshal Stalin. The heads of the three
great powers have agreed that these claims
of the Soviet Union shall be
unquestionably fulfilled after Japan has
been defeated. For its part, the
Soviet Union expresses it readiness to
conclude with the National Government of
China a pact of friendship and alliance
between the U.S.S.R. and China in order to
render assistance to China with its armed
forces for the purpose of liberating China
from the Japanese yoke. Joseph
Stalin Franklin D.
Roosevelt Winston S.
Churchill February 11,
1945. Source: "The
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Churchill,
Roosevelt, and Stalin at the Yalta
Conference