Modern
Egyptian Political and Military History:
1798-1801- French invasion and occupation of
Egypt by Napoleon Bonaparte. This ends Mamluke rule in
Egypt.
1803-1807-Egyptian
Revolution
--
Political violence engulfed Egypt, leading to the
rise of Muhammed Ali as Pasha of Egypt.
1820-1839-Egyptian
Conquest of the Sudan.
1825-1832-Egyptian
intervention to aid the Ottoman Turks in Greek War of
Independence. This war brings Egypt into conflict with
the British, French, and Russians.
1882-British
Conquest of Egypt.
1922-British
declare the independence of Egypt. British still retained
control of Egyptian foreign policy and basic
administration of the country.
1948-1949-War with
Israel in the First Arab-Israeli War. Egypt gains control
of the Gaza Strip.
1948 (December
28)-- Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, was
assassinated by the Muslim Brotherhood.
1952-Egyptian
Revolution of 1952. King Farouk overthown by Lieutenant
General Muhammad Naguib and Gamel Abdel Nasser. Naguib
becomes Egypt's first President.
1954-Nasser
becomes Prime Minister and effectively rules Egypt with
President Naguib as a figurehead.
1956 (June)-Nasser
becomes President of Egypt. His philosophy of Pan-Arab
cooperation, nationalism, and unity becomes known as
"Nasserism."
1956 (July)-The
United States pulls back from its promise to aid Egypt in
building the Aswan Dam project. Nasser turns to the
Soviet Union for aid, beginning a long and vital alliance
between Egypt and the Soviets.
1956
(October-November)-War with Israel, Britain, and
France in the "Suez
War."
1958-Egypt united
with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. The UAR
existed until Syria's secession in 1961.
1962-1970-Egypt
intervened in the Yemen Civil War. This intervention
brought Egypt into conflict with Saudi Arabia.
1967-War with
Israel. In the Six-Day
War, Israel
defeated Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, and siezed
control of the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip and Egypt's
Sinai Peninsula.
1968-1970-War with
Israel in the War of Attrition
1970- Nasser dies,
and Vice-President Anwar al-Sadat becomes President of
Egypt.
1973- War with
Israel. The Yom Kippur/Ramadan War paves the way for
eventual peace negotiations to take place.
1974-First
Sinai Disengagement Agreement
between Egypt an Israel. Israel pulled back from part of
the Sinai. This agreement was, in effect, the first
land-for-peace agreement between Israel and an Arab
neighbor.
1977
(January)--Egyptian 'Bread Riots' against economic
reforms. Nearly 80 deaths, and 800 wounded.
1977 (July)-Short
border war
with Libya.
1977
(November)-Sadat goes to Jerusalem and is the first
Arab leader to visit Israel. Sadat spoke before the
Knesset in Jerusalem about how to achieve a comprehensive
peace between Israel and the Arab nations.
1978-Egypt and
Israel sign the Camp
David Accords.
There were two accords, titled A Framework for Peace
in the Middle East and A Framework for the
Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel.
The Accords set the stage for the 1979 peace
treaty.
1979-Egypt and
Israel sign the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, ending the
state of war that had existed since 1948.
1979-Egypt is
expelled from the Arab League for making peace with
Israel.
1981-Assassination
of President Sadat. Vice-President Hosni
Mubarak assumes
power.
1989-Egypt
readmitted to the Arab League.
1991-War with
Iraq. Egypt took part in the multi-national coalition
that drove Iraqi forces from Kuwait in the
Gulf
War.
2011-Massive
unrest takes
place throughout Egypt with opposition groups calling for
the ouster of President Mubarak.
February 11,
2011--After 18 days of protests and riots,
President Hosni Mubarak turned power over to the
Egyptian military, and left Cairo. See
the Latest News on Egypt
See also:
Egyptian
History
Wars
of Egypt
Suez
War
Six-Day
War
Egypt-Libya
War of 1977
Political
Unrest in Egypt 2011 Timeline
World
Biography: President Hosni
Mubarak
